Reason can be defined in itself, in its use, and in us.
1. Reason in itself
In itself reason is the laws of thought. These are:
i) The law of identity: a is a
ii) The law of non-contradiction: not both a and non-a
iii) The law of excluded middle: either a or non-a
2. Reason in its use
i) Reason is used to form concepts, judgments and arguments, which
are the forms of all thoughts.
ii) Reason is used as a test for meaning; meaning is more basic than
truth – if a law of reason is violated there is no
meaning and wherever there is meaning reason is
being used.
iii) Reason is used to interpret (give meaning to) one’s experience
in light of one’s basic beliefs.
iv) Reason is used to construct a coherent world and life view.
3. Reason in us
i) Reason is natural: It is not cultural or conventional; it is universal,
the same in all persons at all times.
ii) Reason is ontological: It applies to being as well as to thought
– there are no square circles and no uncaused events.
iii) Reason is transcendental: It is authoritative and self-attesting;
it cannot be questioned but it makes questioning possible.
iv) Reason is fundamental: It is basic to other aspects of human personality;
its use is the source of man’s greatest good
and its denial is the source
of man’s deepest misery.
© Surrendra Gangadean