HINDUISM

1. Aryans and Dravidians: time and place; main characteristics

2. Vedic religion
 The Vedas: search for the creative power.
 Samhitas: the gods - hymns to the gods.
 Brahmanas: the sacrifice - prose commentaries on the sacrifices.
 Upanishads: the self - philosophical speculations on the nature of the self.

3. Epic religion
 The Mahabharata: the civil war; Arjuna is taught dharma and liberation by Krishna.
 The Ramayana: the virtues of the dharma for man and woman in Rama and Sita.
 The Laws of Manu- Brahmanical religion: the varna-ashrama-dharma system: the four castes - their duties and relations; and the stages of life; the goals of the householder.

4. Devotional religion
 Vishnu: the avatars
 Shiva: the sacred places
 The divine female
 Later developments
 Yoga: karma, bhakti, jnana, other forms

5. Main concepts of Hinduism
 samsara: reincarnation
 karma: the results of deeds
 dharma: duty according to one's caste
 brahman: the ultimate reality
 moksha: enlightenment; self-realization

6. Philosophical religion: the orthodox systems:
 Nyaya/Vaisesika
 Samkhya/Yoga
 Purva Mimamsa/Vedanta: Shankara, Ramanuja, Madhva

7. Internal and external challenges
 Jainism
 Buddhism
 Islam
 The West: Christianity and Secularism

8 Responses of Hinduism
 Ramakrishna and Vivekananda
 The Arya Samaj and the Brahmo Samaj
 Aurobindo and Gandhi
 Gurus, swamis, and New Age

9. Questions
 On reincarnation; on advaita; on appeal to mystical experience; on levels of truths

© Surrendra Gangadean

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